Machine Learning Articles

Trans-rectal ultrasound-guided 12-core systematic biopsy (SBx) is the standard diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer (PCa) because of a lack of sufficiently accurate imaging. Quantification of 3-D dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) might open the way for a targeted procedure in which biopsies are directed at lesions suspicious on imaging.

Prostate cancer is among the most common cancer in males and its heterogeneity is well known. The genomic level changes can be detected in gene expression data and those changes may serve as standard model for any random cancer data for class prediction.

To develop a risk classifier using urine-derived extracellular vesicle RNA (UEV-RNA) capable of providing diagnostic information of disease status prior to biopsy, and prognostic information for men on active surveillance (AS).

Cell-free DNA's (cfDNA) use as a biomarker in cancer is challenging due to genetic heterogeneity of malignancies and rarity of tumor-derived molecules. Here we describe and demonstrate a novel machine-learning guided panel design strategy for improving the detection of tumor variants in cfDNA.

To develop a machine learning (ML)-assisted model for identifying the candidates for extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) in prostate cancer by integrating clinical, biopsy and precisely defined MRI findings.

The promise of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has been widely theorized over the past couple of decades. It has only been with technological advances over the past few years that physicians and computer scientists have started discovering its true clinical potential.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease that is manifested in a diverse range of histologic patterns and its grading is therefore associated with an inter-observer variability among pathologists, which may lead to an under- or over-treatment of patients.

Radiation therapy is a first-line treatment option for localized prostate cancer and radiation-induced normal tissue damage are often the main limiting factor for modern radiotherapy regimens. Conversely, under-dosing of target volumes in an attempt to spare adjacent healthy tissues limits the likelihood of achieving local, long-term control.

With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) in biostatistical analysis and modeling, machine learning can potentially be applied into developing diagnostic models for interstitial cystitis (IC).

Due to the complicated histopathological characteristics of renal neoplasms, traditional distinguishing of clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by naked eyes of experienced pathologist remains labor-intensive and time-consuming.

To analyze the performance of radiological assessment categories and quantitative computational analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps using variant machine learning algorithms to differentiate clinically significant versus insignificant prostate cancer (PCa).

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal cancer and it has the worst prognosis among all renal cancers. However, traditional radiological characteristics on computed tomography (CT) scans of ccRCC have been insufficient to predict the pathological grade of ccRCC before surgery.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the noninferiority of Day 30 dosimetry between a machine learning-based treatment planning system for prostate low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy and the conventional, manual planning technique.

Radiation oncology for prostate cancer is important as it can decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Planning for this modality of treatment is both fundamental, time-consuming and prone to human-errors, leading to potentially avoidable delays in start of treatment.

BACKGROUND - Identifying gene-gene interactions is essential to understand disease susceptibility and to detect genetic architectures underlying complex diseases. Here, we aimed at developing a permutation-based methodology relying on a machine learning method, random forest (RF), to detect gene-gene interactions.

Purpose: Dosimetric predictors of toxicity after Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) are not well-established. We sought to develop a multivariate model that predicts Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) late grade 2 or greater genitourinary (GU) toxicity by interrogating the entire dose-volume histogram (DVH) from a large cohort of prostate cancer patients treated with SBRT on prospective trials.

To develop and test the ability of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to accurately identify the presence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on histopathology specimens, as well as differentiate RCC histologic subtype and grade.

The pathologic diagnosis and Gleason grading of prostate cancer are time-consuming, error-prone, and subject to interobserver variability. Machine learning offers opportunities to improve the diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognostication of prostate cancer.

Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer has one of the highest rates of morbidity among urologic surgery, but the ability to predict postoperative complications remains poor. Our study objective was to create machine learning models to predict complications and factors leading to extended length of hospital stay and discharge to a higher level of care after radical cystectomy.

To predict the main component of pure and mixed kidney stones using dual-energy computed tomography and machine learning.

200 kidney stones with a known composition as determined by infrared spectroscopy were examined using a non-anthropomorphic phantom on a spectral detector computed tomography scanner.

The development of simple detection methods aimed at widespread screening and testing is crucial for many infections and diseases, including prostate cancer where early diagnosis increases the chances of cure considerably.

Adjuvant radiotherapy after prostatectomy was recently challenged by early salvage radiotherapy, which highlighted the need for biomarkers to improve risk stratification. Therefore, we developed an MRI ADC map-derived radiomics model to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) and BCR-free survival (bRFS) after surgery.

The current methodology involving diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) relies on the pathology examination of prostate needle biopsies, a method with high false negative rates partly due to temporospatial, molecular, and morphological heterogeneity of prostate adenocarcinoma.

To test the use of well-studied and widely used classification methods alongside newly developed data filtering techniques specifically designed for imbalanced-data classification in order to demonstrate proof of principle for an automated radiation therapy (RT) quality assurance process on prostate cancer treatment.

To assess if adding perfusion information from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE MRI) acquisition schemes with high spatiotemporal resolution to T2w/DWI sequences as input features for a gradient boosting machine (GBM) machine learning (ML) classifier could better classify prostate cancer (PCa) risk groups than T2w/DWI sequences alone.

One of the most challenging tasks for bladder cancer diagnosis is to histologically differentiate two early stages, non-invasive Ta and superficially invasive T1, the latter of which is associated with a significantly higher risk of disease progression.

Thanks to advancements in diagnosis and treatment, prostate cancer patients have high long-term survival rates. Currently, an important goal is to preserve quality of life during and after treatment.

Cancer registries are collections of curated data about malignant tumor diseases. The amount of data processed by cancer registries increases every year, making manual registration more and more tedious.

Computerized evaluation of histological preparations of prostate tissues involves identification of tissue components such as stroma (ST), benign/normal epithelium (BN) and prostate cancer (PCa). Image classification approaches have been developed to identify and classify glandular regions in digital images of prostate tissues; however their success has been limited by difficulties in cellular segmentation and tissue heterogeneity.

The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis of machine learning (ML) diagnostic accuracy studies focused on clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) identification on MRI.

In order to limit radiotherapy (RT)-related side effects, effective toxicity prediction and assessment schemes are essential. In recent years, the growing interest toward artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) within the science community has led to the implementation of innovative tools in RT.

Purpose: Prostatectomy is one of the main therapeutic options for prostate cancer (PCa). Studies proved the benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) on clinical outcomes, with more toxicities when compared to salvage radiotherapy.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for prostate cancer detection without careful patient selection may lead to excessive resource utilization and costs.

To develop and validate a clinical tool for predicting the presence of high-risk lesions on mpMRI.

To create a radiomics approach based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) features extracted from an auto-fixed volume of interest (VOI) that quantifies the phenotype of clinically significant (CS) peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancer (PCa).

Radiomics is an emerging field of image analysis with potential applications in patient risk stratification. This study developed and evaluated machine learning models using quantitative radiomic features extracted from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to detect and classify prostate cancer (PCa).

Various digital pathology tools have been developed to aid in analyzing tissues and improving cancer pathology. The multi-resolution nature of cancer pathology, however, has not been fully analyzed and utilized.

Cancer is a leading cause of death, but much of the diagnostic information is stored as unstructured data in pathology reports. We aim to improve uncertainty estimates of machine learning-based pathology parsers and evaluate performance in low data settings.

We report an approach in diagnostic imaging based on nanoscale-resolution scanning of surfaces of cells collected from body fluids using a recent modality of atomic force microscopy (AFM), subresonance tapping, and machine-leaning analysis.

Prostate cancer is a frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and radiation therapy is a first-line approach in treating localized as well as locally advanced cases. The limiting factor in modern radiotherapy regimens is dose to normal structures, an excess of which can lead to aberrant radiation-induced toxicities.

To investigate externally validated magnetic resonance (MR)-based and computed tomography (CT)-based machine learning (ML) models for grading clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Patients with pathologically proven ccRCC in 2009-2018 were retrospectively included for model development and internal validation; patients from another independent institution and The Cancer Imaging Archive dataset were included for external validation.

Identifying the best care for a patient can be extremely challenging. To support the creation of multifactorial Decision Support Systems (DSSs), we propose an Umbrella Protocol, focusing on prostate cancer.

This study aimed to establish and validate a nomogram for predicting brain metastasis in patients with bladder cancer (BCa) and assess various treatment modalities using a primary cohort comprising 234 patients with clinicopathologically-confirmed BCa from 2004 to 2015 in the National Cancer Database.

The main goal of the study was to explore possibility of prostate cancer prediction by machine learning techniques. In order to improve the survival probability of the prostate cancer patients it is essential to make suitable prediction models of the prostate cancer.

The majority of prostate cancer diagnoses are facilitated by testing serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels. Despite this, there are limitations to the diagnostic accuracy of PSA. Consideration of patient demographic factors and biochemical adjuncts to PSA may improve prostate cancer risk stratification.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential value of machine learning (ML)-based high-dimensional quantitative CT texture analysis in predicting the mutation status of the gene encoding the protein polybromo-1 (PBRM1) in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

The aim of this study was (1) to investigate the application of texture analysis of choline PET/CT images in prostate cancer (PCa) patients and (2) to propose a machine-learning radiomics model able to select PET features predictive of disease progression in PCa patients with a same high-risk class at restaging.

Using a radiomics framework to quantitatively analyze tumor shape and texture features in three dimensions, we tested its ability to objectively and robustly distinguish between benign and malignant renal masses.

Little is known about the fall risk of older adults with overactive bladder, especially in the absence of urgency incontinence. We aimed to evaluate the impacts of overactive bladder with and without urgency incontinence (OAB-wet and OAB-dry) on the fall risk in older adults, and to investigate the importance of overactive bladder as a predictor of falls by using tree-based models.

To create a CT texture-based machine learning algorithm that distinguishes benign from potentially malignant cystic renal masses as defined by the Bosniak Classification version 2019.

In this IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant study, 4,454 adult patients underwent renal mass protocol CT or CT urography from January 2011 to June 2018.

Bladder cancer is a fatal cancer that happens in the genitourinary tract with quite high morbidity and mortality annually. The high level of recurrence rate ranging from 50 to 80% makes bladder cancer one of the most challenging and costly diseases to manage.