Hypocitraturia Articles

Citrate is a tricarboxylic acid and an intermediate metabolite of Krebs cycle. It contributes to oxidative metabolism of both kidney and liver. Alkaline sodium or potassium salts have the potential to increase alkaline reserve.

The prevalence of urinary stone disease is increasing in children. We have previously reported a high rate of urinary metabolic abnormalities in stone-forming children including hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia.

Nephrolithiasis is a serious problem for both patients and the health system. Recurrence stands out as a significant problem in urinary system stone disease, the prevalence of which is increasing gradually.

To evaluate metabolic risk factors in calcium kidney stone formers from two different decades, comparing changes in metabolic profiles over time.

A retrospective analysis was performed of calcium kidney stone formers who underwent metabolic evaluation of urolithiasis with 24-hour urine collections at a single institution.

Evidence has indicated that immediate family members of nephrolithiasis patients had high opportunity to develop stones. However, they are usually not regarded to be at risk, since it is unclear if there are any lithogenic abnormalities found in non-stone-forming nephrolithiasis relatives.

Subaşı B, Gökçe İ, Delil K, Alpay H. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in children with kidney stone disease. Turk J Pediatr 2017; 59: 404-409. Kidney stone disease has a multifactorial etiology involving the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.