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In this paper, current guidelines regarding diagnostic and staging modalities of urothelial cancer of the bladder are summarized and an overview of endoscopic, imaging, and molecular methods currently being tested are outlined.

Schedules for the follow-up (FU) of bladder cancer patients are predominantly based on studies with low level of evidence and the resulting guidelines' recommendations that are often founded on expert consensus.

Local anesthesia using urethral gel has been proven to reduce discomfort of male patients during flexible cystoscopy. This study was a non-inferiority study between two lidocain-containing urethral gel (Instillagel(®) Lido and Xylocaine(®) gel).

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, the second most common urologic malignancy, is amenable to early diagnosis. This study presents the potential prognostic benefit for a less invasive modification to the standard endoscopic approach.

PURPOSE - To prospectively assess anxiety and depression in patients undergoing diagnostic cystoscopy.

METHODS - Patients presenting for outpatient diagnostic cystoscopy were recruited from four European urological departments.

Correct cystoscopy images classification depends on interpreter's experience. Bladder cancer is a common lesion that can only be confirmed by biopsying the tissue, wherefore the automatic identification of tumors has a significant role in the early stage diagnosis and its accuracy.

Urinary biomarkers are needed to improve the management and reduce the cost of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC); however, none have been recommended yet for clinical practice.

Screening for bladder cancer in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction is a challenge. Cystoscopy alone is not sufficient to detect bladder tumors in this patient group. We investigated the usefulness of combined cystoscopy and urine cytology.

OBJECTIVE - To determine the role of computed tomography-virtual cystoscopy (CT-VC) in the detection and evaluation of bladder cancer, compared to standard conventional cystoscopy (CC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS - Twenty-five patients with a clinical presentation of a bladder mass(es) were selected from an outpatient urology clinic between May 2011 and August 2012.

One of the most reliable methods for diagnosing bladder cancer is cystoscopy. Depending on the findings, this may be followed by a referral to a more experienced urologist or a biopsy and histological analysis of suspicious lesion.

There is an ongoing debate on panurothelial changes in the upper and lower urinary tract as multifocal presentation of urothelial cancer is well recognised. Concurrent bladder cancer impacts the outcome of the upper urinary tract urothelial cancer treatment, while its detection still relies on the white light cystoscopy.

Urologists often insist on sterile urine before invasive outpatient urological procedures, and urine culture and antibiotics are usually given before cystoscopy or instillation of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, especially in patients who have positive urine cultures.

To determine if self-visualization of ambulatory cystoscopy provides a decrease in pain perception in male and female patients.

A quasi-randomized controlled trial involving patients scheduled for ambulatory cystoscopy from August to November 2017.

Midurethral slings are the mainstay of treatment for stress urinary incontinence. The role of cystourethroscopy to detect lower urinary tract injury following retropubic midurethral slings is well-established; however, its role following transobturator or single-incision sling placement remains controversial.

To develop a standardized digital reporting tool for cystoscopy of the urinary bladder using panoramic imaging.

An image processing and stitching software (Endorama(®)) was developed to generate panoramic images from cystoscopy data.

STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN (UroToday.com) - In this session, Dr. B.W.G. Van Rhijn presented a state-of-the-art lecture on the use of urinary markers in patients with bladder cancer.

Endoscopy coupled with targeted resections represents a cornerstone in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients with bladder cancer. Direct visualization can be challenging and imprecise due to patient-, tumor-, and surgeon-specific factors.

To update current recommendations on prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evaluation of bladder cancer (BC) based on a thorough assessment of the most recent literature on these topics.

A non-systematic review was performed, including articles until June 2017.

The most commonly performed procedure among urologists is cystoscopy. However, urologists in developing countries have limited access and funds to purchase the equipment necessary to perform this procedure.

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. BC diagnosis and surveillance is based on cystoscopy (CS). CS impact on patient's depression, anxiety, and sexual satisfaction (SS) is not sufficiently studied.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a transvaginal trigonal block immediately preceding cystoscopy with hydrodistention yields an additional therapeutic benefit compared to cystoscopy with hydrodistention alone for the treatment of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC).

This presentation considers follow-up after successful transurethral resection of a high-grade non-muscle-invasive tumour, with normal cystoscopy, followed by bacillus-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in humans. Over the last several years, a significant problem has been observed related to the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Research is underway on diagnostic and therapeutic methods that aim to reduce rates of recurrence and progression of bladder cancer.

It has been suggested that the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in defoliated urothelial cells could be used as a biomarker for both the potential risk of bladder cancer (BC) and its progression. To prove this we have carried out a large study evaluating the MN frequency in a group of 383 hospital patients submitted to cystoscopy.

Despite being one of the most common cancers, bladder cancer is largely inefficiently and inaccurately staged and monitored. Current imaging methods detect cancer only when it has reached "visible" size and has significantly disrupted the structure of the organ.

A 52-year-old man complains of minor urgency and frequency during the day and nocturia × 3-5. His DRE reveals a 30-g benign prostate. He is started on tamsulosin, and his daytime symptoms resolve entirely; however, he still has nocturia × 2-4.

Photodynamic diagnosis increases the detection rate and hence decreases recurrence rates of urothelial cancer (UC) of the bladder. This technique has been implemented in the upper urinary tract and like in the bladder, has shown to increase the detection rate of urothelial lesions.

To identify factors that impact on the timeliness and adequacy of haematuria evaluation.

We undertook a retrospective cohort study identifying patients who underwent cystoscopy for investigation of haematuria at our institution between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2015.

Objectives To compare postoperative infectious outcomes of bladder biopsies performed in the office without antibiotic prophylaxis versus those done with preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in the operating room.

To evaluate the underexplored context of cystoscopy adherent versus non-adherent patients in the follow-up of urothelial high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

We performed a retrospective study (2005-2016) that evaluated patients´ demographical characteristics, histopathological data, recurrence, progression and cancer-specific mortality between adherent and non-adherents patients in the first 3 years of a proposed cystoscopy protocol.

A fast, noninvasive test with high sensitivity (SN) and a negative predictive value (NPV), which is able to detect recurrences in bladder cancer (BC) patients, is needed. A newly developed urine assay, Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor (Xpert), measures five mRNA targets (ABL1, CRH, IGF2, UPK1B, and ANXA10) that are frequently overexpressed in BC.

BACKGROUND - The authors evaluated the role of photodynamic cystoscopy in the detection of additional urothelial lesions, mainly carcinoma in situ, that would not be detected solely with white light cystoscopy, leading to disease understaging.

The Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network (BCAN) Patient Survey Network identified pain during intravesical procedures as a research priority for patients. Although intraurethral lidocaine is standard of care in this setting, evidence for its use is equivocal.

To assess the reliability of urinary cytology and cystoscopy to screen and diagnose bladder cancer in patients with NB.

A systematic literature search of the Medline and Embase databases was performed in April 2017.

To report a case of combined laparoscopic and carbon dioxide partial cystectomy and foreign body removal and to review the existing literature on the topic.

A 43-year-old Asian woman was found to have an intrauterine device embedded in the bladder wall during evaluation for chronic pelvic pain and urinary tract infection.

There are controversies about whether cystoscopy with or without hydrodistention (HD) plays a role in the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). We reviewed the recommendations of various societies and associations of greater impact in this complex disease, analyzing the indications, technique, findings and complications of this procedure.

Repeat transurethral resection (reTUR) is advocated as a fundamental step towards complete clearance and appropriate staging of T1 bladder cancer tumors.

To assess the impact of reTUR in T1 bladder cancer via a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of available data sets.

The use of cystoscopy and hydrodistention in the management of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) varies widely between providers. Current evidence regarding the risks and benefits of hydrodistention, as well as the long term effects of repeated hydrodistention are not well established.

Surveillance recommendations for patients with low-risk, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are based on limited evidence. The objective of this study was to add to the evidence by assessing outcomes after frequent versus recommended cystoscopic surveillance.

To investigate the rate of bladder cancer in patients undergoing cystoscopic evaluation for AMH in order to identify groups at sufficiently low risk for bladder cancer in whom invasive testing may be avoided.

Bladder tumors are common and the only way to prove it is cystoscopy which is invasive and expensive. Finding noninvasive, well-accepted, and cost-effective method for early detection of bladder cancer is necessary.

We present two rare cases ofbladder xanthomata associated with transitional cell carcinoma.

Cases description and selectionof related pictures. Review of the existing literature.

Xanthomata are non-neoplastic lesionsconsisting of group of foamy lipidstoring histiocytes in thedermis of skin or in the lamina propria of mucosa.

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) is associated with significant manipulation of the urinary tract (UT). We aim to describe the urological events and their management in patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC.

To report a series of 5 patients with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) three of them with a history of exposure to amines and only two with gross hematuria.

After obtaining ethical and legal authorization, we performed a restrospective monocentric study.

Cytology is recommended as part of the follow-up of high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, currently there are no solid guideline recommendations regarding the use of voided urine versus bladder washing for cytology as part of the diagnosis or follow-up of NMIBC.