Chemotherapy Articles

Patients with limited metastatic and locally advanced bladder cancer have a poor prognosis, and no definite treatment recommendations exist. However, long-term survival is possible for selected patients if surgery is combined with multiple courses of chemotherapy (i.

Systemic therapy in uro-oncology is currently undergoing major changes. In the past, drug therapies only showed good treatment results in metastasized testicular tumors. New developments indicate that an improved understanding of tumor biology will lead to targeted treatment strategies for metastatic prostate, urothelial and renal cell carcinoma.

In recent decades, the local treatment of penile cancer has focused primary on the removal of the primary tumor. Due to the significant psycho-oncological effects of treating the primary tumor, the guidelines on penile cancer now contain a clear recommendation for preserving the target organ and prior to each surgical procedure histological examination should be performed to confirm the penile cancer.

Neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma is a rare entity causing both diagnostic and therapeutic issues. There are basically four histological forms (adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, carcinoid tumors, small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas), which can be pure or mixed associated with prostatic carcinoma.

Taxen-based chemotherapy has been established as an effective treatment option in castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (mCRPC). Randomized phase III studies, however, have shown that even in the hormone-naïve metastatic state, the early use of chemotherapy in addition to the classical androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) approach leads to a significant increase in median overall survival.

INTRODUCTION - Postchemotherapy residual tumour resection (PC-RTR) is an integral part of the multimodal therapy for advanced testicular germ cell tumours. Depending on the extent and localisation of the residual mass, PC-RTR may necessitate a multidisciplinary procedure (which should be planned preoperatively), to resolve even complex situations in an oncologically sound manner, with lower treatment-related morbidity The aim of article is to report on the interdisciplinary management of complex residual masses.

In the last few years, significant progress has been achieved in the therapeutic options for advanced urothelial bladder cancer.

The aim of this work was to give an overview of the status and future perspective of the therapeutic options in this setting.

The treatment of metastases of penile cancer is confined to lymphatic metastases. Limited lymph node metastasis in penile cancer can be cured by radical lymph node surgery if complete removal of all lymph nodes of the region is achieved.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is recommended for localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer when patients are fit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy. A pathological complete response can be observed, corresponding to ypT0N0 stage on the radical cystectomy specimen.

Intravesical chemotherapy administered within 24 h of the first resection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) reduces recurrence rates and prolongs recurrence-free intervals. However, there is considerable variation in the use of intravesical chemotherapy amongst urologists.

Since the benefits of chemotherapy in treating older men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are modest, validated tools that predict the risk of treatment toxicity may aid clinical decision-making.

This study assesses the clinical safety and efficacy of Gemcitabine and S-1 combination chemotherapy in sorafenib-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients.

The baseline characteristics and survival outcomes of 19 patients suffering from metastatic and progressive sorafenib-refractory RCC were retrospectively collected and analyzed from January 2010 to April 2014.

In a prior open-label study, the combination of dalantercept, a novel antiangiogenic targeting activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), plus axitinib was deemed safe and tolerable with a promising efficacy signal in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Docetaxel is commonly used for second-line therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, myelosuppression is a substantial concern when the traditional 3-week docetaxel cycle is used. The present multicenter phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of weekly docetaxel as second-line chemotherapy for metastatic UC.

The optimal schedule of docetaxel chemotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer is unknown, although continuous administration is accepted as the standard. We conducted a Phase II trial to evaluate the outcome of intermittent docetaxel and prednisolone therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Advances in multimodal treatment have led to dramatic improvement in cancer treatment outcomes. It is now necessary to consider cancer patients' holistic quality of life. Fertility preservation is the top concern for cancer survivors of reproductive age.

Rhenium-188-HEDP is a beta-emitting radiopharmaceutical used for palliation of metastatic bone pain. We investigated whether the addition of rhenium-188-HEDP to docetaxel/prednisone improved efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with CRPC.

The response to first-line, platinum-based treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer has not improved in 3 decades.

To identify genes that influence cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer.

We performed a whole-genome CRISPR screen in a bladder cancer cell line to identify genes that mediate resistance to cisplatin.

BACKGROUND - There is much interest in confirming whether the efficacy of abiraterone acetate (AA) demonstrated within the trial setting is reproducible in routine clinical practice. We report the clinical outcome of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with AA in real-life clinical practice.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cabazitaxel for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after sequential therapy with docetaxel (DTX) and single or dual regimens of novel androgen receptor-axis-targeted (ARAT) agents.

A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department with increasing back pain. His history includes hypertension, peripheral neuropathy, duodenal ulcer, superior mesenteric vein thrombus, stage IIB colon cancer treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, renal cell carcinoma treated with surgery, and prostate cancer treated with surgery and radiation.

Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have recently tested the early addition of docetaxel to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer (PCa).

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating the combination of docetaxel and ADT in hormone-sensitive metastatic PCa.

Despite the significant survival benefit of taxane therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), all patients inevitably develop treatment resistance. An understanding of resistance mechanisms has led to new therapies for prostate cancer (cabazitaxel, abiraterone and enzalutamide), all of which have improved survival following first-line docetaxel.

We performed a sensitivity analysis, cumulating all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in which patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) received systemic therapy, to evaluate if the comparison of RCTs may drive to biased survival estimations.

To analyse contemporary perioperative chemotherapy (CHT) guideline adherence rates for pN2-3 M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, as well as CHT association with cancer-specific (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM).

Although adjuvant chemotherapy (ACH) is widely used in clinical practice for the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), a consensus has yet to be established on which ACH regimen is the most effective for improving postoperative survival.

To compare overall survival (OS) between adjuvant radiation, chemotherapy and chemoradiation (CCRT) postsurgery for node-positive patients with carcinoma penis.

Prospectively maintained registry for 45 patients receiving adjuvant treatment following lymph node dissection from 2011 to 2017, having minimum 6 months follow-up and more than 2 positive inguinal nodes was analyzed.

Phase 3 trials have demonstrated a benefit from adjuvant radiation therapy (ART) for men who have adverse factors at radical prostatectomy (RP). However, some patients have a high risk of progression despite ART.

Drug eluting ureteral stent is an effective means for local drug delivery to the urinary tract. It can potentially solve a variety of upper urinary tract problems, such as stent-related urinary tract infections and discomfort, ureteral stricture, and neoplastic diseases.

Testicular cancer is a highly treatable and curable malignancy. It typically affects men aged 15-35 years and is the most common malignancy in this age group. Nurses have an important role in assisting patients to cope with the diagnosis and understand the treatment options.

To quantify the prognostic impact of age on relapse and mortality in patients with metastatic testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT).

Electronical medical records of 1,225 TGCT patients who were treated at a single academic center between 1994 and 2015 were reviewed.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is well established as a backbone therapy for metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa), and both European and American guidelines emphasize the importance of maintaining ADT after progression to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

OBJECTIVE - To assess the efficacy and toxicity of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) plus chemotherapy in patients with hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer.

METHODS - Randomized clinical trials were identified after systematic searching of databases and conference proceedings.

A 69-year-old man was referred to our hospital with chief complaints of urinary incontinence, pollakiuria, thin stools and edema of the left lower extremity. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral hydronephrosis, thickening of the rectal and posterolateral bladder walls, and enlargement of the left obturator lymph nodes, suggesting metastasis.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) plus docetaxel is the standard of care in fit men with metastatic castration-naive prostate cancer (mCNPC) following results from GETUG-AFU 15, CHAARTED, and STAMPEDE.

BACKGROUND - For men with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), several treatment options are available, including androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors (abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide), taxanes (docetaxel, cabazitaxel) and a radionuclide (radium-223).

Combining chemotherapeutics to treat malignant tumors has been shown to be effective in preventing drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and reducing tumor size. We modeled combination drug therapy in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells using mixture design response surface methodology (MDRSM), a statistical technique designed to optimize compositions to achieve the most desirable result.

The treatment of advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma has recently evolved with the approval of five checkpoint inhibitors. In the second-line setting, in patients who have progressed on cisplatin-based chemotherapy, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, nivolumab and avelumab are United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved.

Testicular cancer survivors who have received platinum-based chemotherapy are at risk for premature cardiovascular disease. The etiology of this risk is not well understood. This pilot study explores the impact of platinum-based chemotherapy on endothelial function.

The chief therapeutic goal in metastatic prostate cancer is prolongation of survival with good quality of life . Quality of life (health-related) is often used as an endpoint parameter in phase III trials in metastatic prostate cancer, but the value of using HRQOL in this context has not been assessed to date.

Pain is a common and dose-limiting side effect of many potentially curative cancer chemotherapeutic agents. This chemotherapy-induced pain (CIP) affects the quality of life of cancer patients and survivors and hampers the optimal clinical management of chemotherapy in cancer patients.

Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy has revolutionised cancer treatment since its inception. During an inflammatory response, activated cytotoxic T cells expressing programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) interact with programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on peripheral tissues to thwart an autoimmune reaction.

Cisplatin eligibility for clinical trials has been defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60 mL/min due to the risk of nephrotoxicity in patients with renal impairment. For urothelial cancer, substitution of carboplatin instead of cisplatin compromises outcomes.

Metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is a rarely curable disease. Patients receive systemic therapy with limited response rates and survival benefits. The rescue regimens of these patients who have failed first-line treatment had remained problematic until the recent advances.

BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com) - Although neoadjuvant and adjuvant platinum-based systemic chemotherapy have been studied individually for locally advanced bladder cancer, these two modalities have not been compared comprehensively.

BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com) - Urothelial cancer is a chemotherapy-sensitive malignancy, with the regimen of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (M-VAC) until recently considered to be the first choice for chemotherapy, however its adverse effects and poor long-term outcome results remain challenging problems. In addition, effective treatment for the cases showing resistance to M-VAC or recurrent cases after first-line chemotherapy has not to been established.

BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com) - Despite the recent introduction of new treatment options for advanced prostate cancer, metastatic disease remains incurable and claims the lives of more than 200,000 men annually worldwide.⁽¹⁾

BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com) - In the past, men who were azoospermic after chemotherapy were routinely considered sterile, and fertility options included only donor sperm (substitutive therapy).

The treatment of metastasized bladder cancer has been evolving during recent years. Cisplatin based chemotherapy combinations are still gold standard in the treatment of advanced and metastasized bladder cancer.

This is Part 2 of an article on bladder cancer: an overview of disease and its management. Part 1 provided an overview of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, how the disease presents, is diagnosed and subsequently treated ( Anderson, 2018 ).