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Prior to FDA approval of intradetrusor botulinum toxin (BoTA) injections for the treatment of neurogenic bladder, patients had limited treatment options including 'off-label' use of pharmacotherapies (anti-cholinergics, beta agonists, and alpha-blockers) or invasive interventions including bladder augmentation and urinary diversion procedures.

Botulinum neurotoxin (BotN) is used to treat detrusor overactivity (DO) refractory to medical treatment. Catheterised patients with symptoms of bladder spasm and catheter bypass leakage are challenging to manage and the efficacy of BotN is not established.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a clinical condition where lower urinary tract symptoms are caused by both a physically obstructing prostate as well as tight smooth muscles around the bladder outlet.

Botulinum toxin's (BoNT) success in treating several pain disorders has triggered interest in its application for pelvic pain disorders. This article summarizes results presented at the recent Neurotoxins Meeting in Madrid, Spain, in January 2017.

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to provide updated information on the role of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS). This review aims to answer which symptoms of multiple sclerosis may be amenable to BoNT therapy.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy, urodynamic effect and safety of Botulinum Toxin A (BTXA) injections after failure of augmentation enterocystoplasty (AE) performed for NDO.

We performed a multicenter retrospective study that included patients who had AE and at least one injection of BTXA after AE in 15 GENULF (French Speaking Neuro-Urology Study Group) centers.

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a painful and debilitating clinical entity which is challenging to diagnose and even more difficult to treat. Unfortunately, none of the existing oral and intravesical medications have been established as effective and therefore relevant research is ongoing.

The aim of this study was to overcome the limitation of overlooking the placebo effect in previous studies and to demonstrate the overall treatment efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) compared with placebo.

To investigate the overall treatment efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) injections compared with placebo in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS).

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE on BoNTA use in IC/BPS.

To determine the efficacy and safety of BTX-A, compared with other interventions for the treatment of BPS to improve quality of life.

This systematic review fulfils all the requirements of the Cochrane manual and PRISMA reporting guidelines.

Intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin are the cornerstone of medical treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity. The primary aim of this treatment is to ensure a low pressure regimen in the urinary bladder, but the mechanisms leading to long-term protection of the urinary tract remain poorly understood.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) due to sprouting of sensory afferents on the lumbosacral spinal cord. NDO is characterized by high frequency of voiding contractions and increased intravesical pressure that may lead to urinary incontinence.

The dose-limiting salivary gland toxicity of 225Ac-labelled PSMA for treatment of metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer remains unresolved. Suppressing the metabolism of the gland by intraparenchymal injections of botulinum toxin appears to be a promising method to reduce off-target uptake.

To assess the effectiveness of Intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin type A (IDBTX-A) in children with spina bifida.

All patients aged under 16 year-old who underwent IDBTX-A between 2002 and 2016 at six institutions were included in a retrospective study.

AIMS - To compare the outcomes of the first intradetrusor injections of abobotulinum toxin 750 U and onabotulinum toxin 200 and 300 U in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO).

METHODS - A retrospective case-control study was conducted including 211 NDO patients treated in three consecutives eras with onabotulinum toxin 300 U (2004-2006; 80 patients), abobotulinum toxin 750 U (2007-2011; 78 patients) or onabotulinum toxin 200 U (2011-2014; 53 patients).

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It inhibits the release of acetylcholine and other neurotransmitters from the nerve terminal. Botulinum toxin, specifically toxin type A (BoNT-A) has been used since the 1970s to reduce the muscular hypercontraction disorders.

The injection of botulinum neurotoxin A (BTA) into the prostate represents a minimally invasive treatment in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) presents a minimally-invasive method of intravesical instillation of therapeutic agents without the need for general anesthesia 1. It employs a combination of iontophoresis, electrophoresis, and electroporation to deliver drugs into deep tissue layers using an electrical current created between two electrodes 2.

Overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms increase with age and involve several comorbidities. OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) intravesical injection is a treatment choice for patients who are intolerant of or refractory to antimuscarinics.

Bladder pain syndrome (BPS)/interstitial cystitis (IC) is associated with sensory lower urinary tract symptoms. Unfortunately, many of the existing oral treatments are ineffective in most patients of BPS/IC, which is the motivation for developing new drugs and therapeutic approaches.

Data on long-term outcomes of intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) for neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) are lacking. The aim of the present manuscript was to assess the outcomes of intradetrusor injections of BTX-A for NDO after more than 10 years of follow-up.

Aims of this study were to assess the long-term outcomes of Intradetrusor injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox® injection) associated with clean intermittent-catheterization (CIC) for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and to identify risk factors for failure.

To present the long-term effects of repeat onabotulinumtoxinA 100U treatment on health-related quality of life in overactive bladder patients with urinary incontinence who had an inadequate response to/were intolerant of an anticholinergic.

Vesico-ureteric reflux(VUR) is a known complication of neuropathic bladder in spinal cord injury(SCI) population. Bulking agents such as Macroplastique are new minimally-invasive treatment option for VUR with good results.

Urothelium and Lamina Propria (LP) are considered an integrate sensory system which is able to control the detrusor activity. Complete supra-sacral spinal cord lesions cause Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity (NDO) whose main symptoms are urgency and incontinence.

To review the available data on non-surgical management for neurogenic bladder in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Before the introduction of urinary catheters and antibiotics, neurogenic bladder was one of the main culprits for death in those patients with SCI.

OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) was first used to treat neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) 30 years ago. Recently, application of BoNT-A in LUTD have become more common since the approval of intravesical BoNT-A injection for patients with both overactive bladders (OAB) and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) by regulatory agencies in many countries.

To establish the effectiveness and safety profile of BTX-A in men with idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO) and compare with the outcomes observed in women. Several randomized trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of intradetrusor Onaboulinum Toxin A (BTX-A) injections in improving symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.

Intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin (BTX) has been reported to have therapeutic effects on lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Patients with BPH are at risk of having prostate cancer.

To assess the safety and efficacy of intradetrusor onabotulinum toxin A injections for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

All PD patients who underwent intradetrusor injections of onabotulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) for storage symptoms between 2010 and 2017 were included in a retrospective study.

Bladder drug delivery via catheter instillation is a widely used treatment for recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Intravesical instillation of liposomal botulinum toxin has recently shown promise in the treatment of overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, and studies of liposomal tacrolimus instillations show promise in the treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis.

The mainstay of overactive bladder treatment is the use of anticholinergic medication with its common side effects well known. This review focused on three less well-known safety issues when treating OAB.

To assess the outcomes of switching to a different brand of botulinum toxin A (BTA, from Botox® to Dysport®) in case of failure of intradetrusor injections (IDI) of Botox® in the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO).

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is used to treat a variety of ailments, and its therapeutic application in lower urinary tract disorders (LUTDs) is well studied. Robust evidence supporting the efficacy and tolerability of BoNT in the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and non-neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB) has led to regulatory approval for these conditions.

Botulinum toxin A is licensed for the treatment of urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and overactive bladder (OAB).

OnabotulinumtoxinA (onaBoNTA) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity and for the treatment of refractory overactive bladder.

Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) and sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) are established treatments for overactive bladder (OAB) and are standard of care in refractory cases in international guidelines. Despite long term use over decades their "exact" working mechanisms are not entirely clear.