BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com) - Nelfinavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, has pleiotropic effects in cancer cells, including downregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway, inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3) signaling, downregulation of the androgen receptor (AR) and blockade of AR signaling, inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) function, and induction of malignant cell death by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7] Recently, using a chemical systems biology approach, weak inhibition of multiple kinases was found to contribute to its anticancer effect.[8] These reports have stimulated interest in repositioning it as an anticancer agent.[9]