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The incidence of low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) has increased as a consequence of prostate-specific antigen testing.

In this collaborative review article, we examine recent literature regarding low-risk PCa and the available prognostic and therapeutic options.

In recent years, active surveillance has been increasingly adopted as a conservative management approach to low and sometimes intermediate risk prostate cancer, to avoid or delay treatment until there is evidence of higher risk disease.

Health promotion is a key aspect for health outcomes of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, it has been poorly explored among patients following monitoring programmes, for example Active Surveillance (AS).

Small renal masses in older adults are common and usually found incidentally. Although many small renal masses are benign, most are malignant. In older patients, the small renal mass poses a challenge because the treatment paradigm has to strike the balance between competing comorbidities and a lethal cancer.

Prostate cancer is a common diagnosis with several treatment options for the newly diagnosed patient, including radiation, surgery, active surveillance, and watchful waiting. Although tailoring of treatment to individual patient needs is an important goal, the recent passage of the Affordable Care Act has placed renewed interest in cost containment and cost-effectiveness.

Testicular cancer is a rare urological malignancy with high cure rate. The development of highly effective systemic treatment regimens along with advances in surgical treatment of advanced disease has led to continued improvement in outcomes.

Major advances through tumor profiling technologies, that include next-generation sequencing, epigenetic, proteomic and transcriptomic methods, have been made in primary prostate cancer, providing novel biomarkers that may guide precision medicine in the near future.

Objectives: To assess the pathological outcomes following radical prostatectomy (RP) in men with favorable-risk PCa diagnosed on their first/initial (IBPx) compared to men who were diagnosed on a subsequent/repeat (RPBx) prostate biopsy.

Active surveillance (AS) is an established option for men with low risk prostate cancer (CaP). Multiparametric-MRI (MP-MRI) with MRI-TRUS fusion-guided biopsy (FB) may better identify patients for AS, compared to systematic 12-core biopsy (SB), due to improved risk stratification.

To evaluate the role of confirmatory multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate at the time of Active Surveillance (AS) enrollment to reduce disease misclassification.

From 2012 to 2016, 383 patients with low-risk disease respecting Prostate Cancer Research International AS criteria underwent confirmatory 1.

The natural history of renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is unknown. Treatment recommendations are based on smaller case series, with selection bias towards symptomatic patients.

To define the natural history of renal AML, including growth rates, size, and clinical presentation.

To investigate the natural history of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with delayed treatment and to immunohistochemically analyze the correlation between some biomarkers and the growth rate of RCC.

We reviewed our institutional databases to identify renal tumors which were confirmed to be RCC by delayed surgical treatment after at least 12 months of active surveillance (AS).

To compare pathologic and biochemical outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) in favorable intermediate-risk patients who fulfilled current NCCN active surveillance (AS) criteria to outcomes in patients who met more traditional criteria for AS.

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as a ubiquitous prognostic biomarker in cancer-related inflammation, specifically in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa).

In active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer there are few data on long-term outcomes associated with novel imaging markers.

To determine long-term outcomes with respect to the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in a prospective AS cohort.

Cancer-specific survival for men with clinical stage I testicular cancer (CSITC) is uniformly excellent. Non-risk-adapted active surveillance (NRAS) is a management strategy for CSITC to minimize overtreatment and avoid possible long-term side effects of adjuvant therapy.

Active surveillance (AS) is an option in the management of men with low-stage, low-risk prostate cancer. These patients, who often require prolonged follow-up, can put a strain on outpatient resources.

Active surveillance represents a strategy to address the overtreatment of prostate cancer, yet uncertainty regarding individual patient outcomes remains a concern. We evaluated outcomes in a prospective multi-center study of active surveillance.

To assess the outcomes of active monitoring (active surveillance or watchful waiting) as an initial management approach compared to upfront definitive local treatments (prostatectomy or radiation therapy) in a cohort of clinically localized prostate cancer patients.

To characterize demographic, disease, and cancer outcomes of men on active surveillance (AS) at a safety-net hospital and characterize those who were lost to follow-up (LTFU).

From January 2004 to November 2014, 104 men with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) were followed with AS at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG).

To report longitudinal outcomes of a population-based cohort of patients diagnosed with bilateral small renal masses from a period of over 11 years.

Consecutive patients diagnosed with bilateral small renal masses (synchronous or metachronous) of a defined geographical area were recorded in a large database (TUCAN database) between January 2005 and December 2016.

Racial disparities in the incidence and risk profile of prostate cancer (PCa) at diagnosis among African-American (AA) men are well reported, however it remains unclear whether AA race is independently associated with adverse outcomes among men with clinical low risk disease.

It remains unclear whether men selecting active surveillance (AS) are at increased risk of unfavorable longer term outcomes as compared with men who undergo immediate treatment.

To compare adverse pathologic outcomes in men with favorable-risk prostate cancer who underwent delayed prostatectomy after surveillance (DPAS) to those who elected immediate prostatectomy (IRP).

The purpose of this study was to determine whether contemporary active surveillance (AS) protocols could sufficiently discriminate significant from indolent tumors in men with low-risk prostate cancer.

For men diagnosed with prostate cancer, making treatment decisions can be overwhelming. Navigating treatment options, along with potential treatment side effects, can be difficult, and patients often rely heavily on the advice of their physicians.

Evidence supporting the efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for localized prostate cancer is accumulating, but comparative studies of patient-reported quality of life (QOL) following SBRT versus conventionally fractionated external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or active surveillance (AS) are limited.

Treatment choice for localized prostate cancer (PCa) is a controversial issue, and mortality risk is probably the most decisive factor in this regard. The study aimed to compare prostate-cancer-specific mortality risk estimates for different treatment options assigned by patients managed with active surveillance (AS), radical prostatectomy (RP), and patients who had discontinued AS (DAS).

Many prostate cancers (pcas) are indolent and, if left untreated, are unlikely to cause death or morbidity in a man's lifetime. As a result of testing for prostate-specific antigen, more such cases are being identified, leading to concerns about "overdiagnosis" and consequent overtreatment of pca.

BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com ) “Long term follow-up of the results of the good randomized trials screening for prostate cancer, especially the European trial and subsets across Europe, are showing a substantial decrease in the risk of dying among men followed for longer periods of time. In particular, the Swedish randomized trial involving 20 000 men shows greater than a 50% reduction in risk of dying after 14 years for men who were screened versus those men who were not screened in this study. There is better and better data showing the effects of screening are very powerful. Foregoing screening for prostate cancer should be taken with great caution.”

The introduction of multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) has improved the diagnosis and risk stratification of intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer. In addition to diagnosis, mpMRI has increasing become a useful tool for monitoring prostate cancer risk of patients on active surveillance (AS) programs.

This study aimed to evaluate (1) the time interval between a decision to commence on active surveillance (AS) and grade progression in community practice; (2) factors predicting grade progression in localised prostate cancer (CaP) patients apparently undergoing AS.

Active surveillance (AS) is an alternative to curative intervention, but overtreatment persists. Imperfect alignment of prostate biopsy and Gleason score after radical prostatectomy (RP) may be a contributing factor.

To report pathological outcomes and predictors of adverse pathology in men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) after an initial period of active surveillance (AS).

We studied pathological outcomes in men who underwent RP after some time on AS.

To present a National Registry of patients with prostate cancer as monitored through active surveillance, with the intention of testing the hypothesis that cancer-specific mortality in very low-risk and low-risk patients is less than 5% at 15 years.

To retrospectively assess the rate of primary Gleason upgrading (HGPGU) to primary Gleason pattern 4 or 5 in a contemporary cohort of D'Amico low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) and PRIAS active surveillance (AS) patients and to develop a tool for HGPGU prediction.

Prostate cancer stratification is based on tumour size, pretreatment PSA level, and Gleason score, but it remains imperfect. Current research focuses on the discovery and validation of novel prognostic biomarkers to improve the identification of patients at risk of aggressive cancer or of tumour relapse.

The incidence of prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) is increased with the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In the current study, we aimed to investigate the impact of 5- alpha- reductase inhibitors (5-ARI) on pathological progression in patients followed by active surveillance (AS).

We identify the biochemical outcome according to biopsy Gleason score (bGS) among patients who are clinical candidate for active surveillance. We found that different adverse pathologic outcomes and biochemical outcomes were shown according to biopsy pattern although the patients have the same pathologic Gleason score (pGS) 3+4 after RP.

To assess early outcomes since the introduction of an active surveillance (AS) protocol incorporating mpMRI guided baseline biopsies and image based surveillance.

A new AS protocol mandating image-guided baseline biopsies, annual mpMRI and 3 monthly PSA but which retained protocol re-biopsies was tested.

Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality in men. Despite the broad use of prostate-specific antigen test that resulted in an increase in number of diagnosed cases, disease management needs to be improved.

Active surveillance (AS) is an important alternative to definitive therapy for men with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). However, the impact of AS on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) when compared to men without cancer remains unknown.

In contrast to typical prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)-like ductal adenocarcinoma is a rare variant of prostate cancer with low-grade clinical behavior. We report a case of a 66-year-old African-American male with an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen who underwent multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRI/ultrasound fusion-guided biopsies.

The current health care climate mandates the delivery of high-value care for patients considering active surveillance for newly-diagnosed prostate cancer. Value is defined by increasing benefits (e.

As many as 40% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer have low-risk disease, which results in the need to decide whether to undergo active treatment (AT) or active surveillance (AS). The treatment decision can have a significant effect on general and prostate-specific quality of life (QOL).

Current evidence-based management for clinically localised prostate cancer includes active surveillance, surgery, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy. The impact of these treatment modalities on quality of life (QoL) is uncertain.

Radiomic analysis is defined as computationally extracting features from radiographic images for quantitatively characterizing disease patterns. There has been recent interest in examining the use of MRI for identifying prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness in patients on active surveillance (AS).

The prospective trial PCM301 randomized 413 men with low-risk prostate cancer to partial gland ablation with vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (n=207) or active surveillance (n=206). Two-year outcomes were reported previously.

Interest in renal mass biopsies (RMBs) has increased in recent years. However, most publications are low-volume and/or single-center studies, so their generalizability is questionable. The aim of this study was to describe population-based, real-life use of diagnostic RMBs for localized and advanced kidney cancer (KC).

Renal tumor biopsy (RTB), as distinct from the more common renal biopsy for medical renal disease, is an option for patients with renal masses. It is mainly used for small renal masses (SRM) but it may also be indicated for larger masses and even in the presence of metastatic disease.

Published data on prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during follow-up of men on active surveillance are lacking. Current guidelines for prostate MRI reporting concentrate on prostate cancer (PCa) detection and staging.