Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. In recent years, several new agents, including cancer immunotherapies, have been approved or are currently being investigated in late-stage clinical trials for the management of advanced prostate cancer. Therefore, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a multidisciplinary panel, including physicians, nurses, and patient advocates, to develop consensus recommendations for the clinical application of immunotherapy for prostate cancer patients. To do so, a systematic literature search was performed to identify high-impact papers from 2006 until 2014 and was further supplemented with literature provided by the panel. Results from the consensus panel voting and discussion as well as the literature review were used to rate supporting evidence and generate recommendations for the use of immunotherapy in prostate cancer patients. Sipuleucel-T, an autologous dendritic cell vaccine, is the first and currently only immunotherapeutic agent approved for the clinical management of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The consensus panel utilized this model to discuss immunotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer, issues related to patient selection, monitoring of patients during and post treatment, and sequence/combination with other anti-cancer treatments. Potential immunotherapies emerging from late-stage clinical trials are also discussed. As immunotherapy evolves as a therapeutic option for the treatment of prostate cancer, these recommendations will be updated accordingly.
Journal for immunotherapy of cancer. 2016 Dec 20*** epublish ***
Douglas G McNeel, Neil H Bander, Tomasz M Beer, Charles G Drake, Lawrence Fong, Stacey Harrelson, Philip W Kantoff, Ravi A Madan, William K Oh, David J Peace, Daniel P Petrylak, Hank Porterfield, Oliver Sartor, Neal D Shore, Susan F Slovin, Mark N Stein, Johannes Vieweg, James L Gulley
University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 7007 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705 USA., Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Laboratory of Urological Oncology E-300, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA., Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239 USA., Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street Room 410, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA., University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, Room HSF 301, Box 1270, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA., Carolina Urologic Research Center, 823 82nd Parkway, Suite B, Myrtle Beach, SC 29572 USA., Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021 USA., National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA., Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1079, New York, NY 10029 USA., University of Illinois, 840 S Wood Street, Suite 820, Chicago, IL 60612 USA., Yale Cancer Center, PO Box 208032, New Haven, CT 06520 USA., Alliance for Prostate Cancer Prevention, 17660 Tamiami Trail, Suite 106, Fort Myers, FL 33908 USA., Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, SL-42, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA., Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA., Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328 USA., Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, 10 Center Drive, 13N240, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.