Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death of men worldwide. In hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC), androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is widely used, but an eventual failure on ADT heralds the passage to the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) stage.
Because predicting time to failure on ADT would allow improved planning of personal treatment strategy, we aimed to develop a predictive personalization algorithm for ADT efficacy in HSPC patients.
A mathematical mechanistic model for HSPC progression and treatment was developed based on the underlying disease dynamics (represented by prostate-specific antigen; PSA) as affected by ADT. Following fine-tuning by a dataset of ADT-treated HSPC patients, the model was embedded in an algorithm, which predicts the patient's time to biochemical failure (BF) based on clinical metrics obtained before or early in-treatment.
The mechanistic model, including a tumor growth law with a dynamic power and an elaborate ADT-resistance mechanism, successfully retrieved individual time-courses of PSA (R(2) = 0. 783). Using the personal Gleason score (GS) and PSA at diagnosis, as well as PSA dynamics from 6 months after ADT onset, and given the full ADT regimen, the personalization algorithm accurately predicted the individual time to BF of ADT in 90% of patients in the retrospective cohort (R(2) = 0. 98).
The algorithm we have developed, predicting biochemical failure based on routine clinical tests, could be especially useful for patients destined for short-lived ADT responses and quick progression to CRPC. Prospective studies must validate the utility of the algorithm for clinical decision-making. Prostate © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Prostate. 2015 Sep 30 [Epub ahead of print]
Moran Elishmereni, Yuri Kheifetz, Ilan Shukrun, Graham H Bevan, Debashis Nandy, Kyle M McKenzie, Manish Kohli, Zvia Agur
Institute for Medical Biomathematics (IMBM), Bene Ataroth, Israel. , Optimata Ltd. , Bene Ataroth, Israel. , Optimata Ltd. , Bene Ataroth, Israel. , Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. , Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. , Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. , Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. , Institute for Medical Biomathematics (IMBM), Bene Ataroth, Israel.