High-risk prostate cancer treated with dose-escalated RT: An analysis of hormonal therapy use and duration, and prognostic implications of PSA Nadir ≤0.2 to select men for short-term hormonal therapy - Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To determine prognostic factors to select high-risk men receiving dose-escalated radiation therapy (RT) who will have favorable outcomes with short-term (ST) or no androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

METHODS: Medical records of 458 men treated with definitive RT for high-risk, nonmetastatic prostate cancer at 3 academic referral centers from 1988 to 2009 were examined. Median dose was 76.4 Gy. Men received no ADT (n=105), STADT (< 12 mo, n=194), or long-term ADT (LTADT: ≥12 mo, n=160). Univariate and multivariable analysis for freedom from distant metastases (FFDM) and cause-specific survival (CSS) were performed. Median follow-up was 71 months.

RESULTS: Seven-year FFDM was 83% and CSS was 91%. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir ≤ 0.2 (HR=0.36; 95% CI, 0.20-0.64) and Gleason score (GS) were associated with FFDM and CSS (all P< 0.05). ADT duration was not associated (P>0.05). Those with PSA nadir ≤ 0.2 ng/mL had improved outcomes. Men with GS 9 disease did poorly despite a PSA nadir ≤ 0.2 ng/mL and had improved CSS with LTADT (95% vs. 71%, P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Select men with high-risk disease treated with dose-escalated RT may not require LTADT. In men treated with ADT, PSA nadir ≤ 0.2 is an independent prognostic factor associated with FFDM and CSS. Men without GS 9 may have acceptable outcomes with STADT if PSA nadir is ≤ 0.2 ng/mL. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the role of PSA nadir in determining the optimal length of adjuvant ADT.

Written by:
Son CH, Hamstra DA, Feng FY, Liauw SL.   Are you the author?
Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI.

Reference: Am J Clin Oncol. 2014 Nov 26. Epub ahead of print.
doi: 10.1097/COC.0000000000000161


PubMed Abstract
PMID: 25436827

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