Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, N.Y., USA.
To describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic features, prognosis, and outcome of patients with prostate cancer and disseminated intravascular coagulation with excessive fibrinolysis (DIC XFL).
We performed a retrospective analysis of prostate cancer patients seen at a single center from March 21, 2000, to July 31, 2006, with a fibrinogen level < 150 mg/dl and two of the following criteria: platelets < 150 × 109/l, D-dimer >0.5 μg/ml, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time exceeding normal values, hemorrhage and/or thrombosis. Patients with comorbid conditions that cause coagulopathy were excluded.
Forty-two patients met the inclusion criteria. Most patients had high-grade prostate cancer (26% had Gleason 7 and 45% had Gleason 8-10). Three patients developed DIC XFL following surgery and 39 patients in the setting of metastatic disease; 93% were resistant to castration, and 50% had received prior taxanes. No deep-vein thromboses were documented. Management included blood transfusion, heparin, hormones, and chemotherapy. Median survival was 4 weeks. DIC XFL reversal was seen in 20% of metastatic patients, all of whom received new chemotherapy regimens. Median survival in this group was 26 weeks.
DIC XFL is a rare complication of prostate cancer. Untreated, the risk of hemorrhage is high and the prognosis poor. Reversal of DIC XFL appears to correlate with response to new anticancer therapy.
Written by:
Hyman DM, Soff GA, Kampel LJ. Are you the author?
Reference: Oncology. 2011;81(2):119-25.
doi: 10.1159/000331705
PubMed Abstract
PMID: 21986538
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