Current epidemiological indicators reflect the prevalence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing rather than the actual incidence of clinically significant prostate cancer. These indicators are also biased because of the variability of the PSA test. We therefore need to adopt new reliable criteria in causal epidemiological studies and screening programs.
European urology oncology. 2024 Dec 24 [Epub ahead of print]
Olivier Cussenot, Morgan Rouprêt, Shahrokh F Shariat
Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: ., Department of Urology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Paris France., Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.