Automated deep-learning system in the assessment of MRI-visible prostate cancer: comparison of advanced zoomed diffusion-weighted imaging and conventional technique.

Deep-learning-based computer-aided diagnosis (DL-CAD) systems using MRI for prostate cancer (PCa) detection have demonstrated good performance. Nevertheless, DL-CAD systems are vulnerable to high heterogeneities in DWI, which can interfere with DL-CAD assessments and impair performance. This study aims to compare PCa detection of DL-CAD between zoomed-field-of-view echo-planar DWI (z-DWI) and full-field-of-view DWI (f-DWI) and find the risk factors affecting DL-CAD diagnostic efficiency.

This retrospective study enrolled 354 consecutive participants who underwent MRI including T2WI, f-DWI, and z-DWI because of clinically suspected PCa. A DL-CAD was used to compare the performance of f-DWI and z-DWI both on a patient level and lesion level. We used the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics analysis and alternative free-response receiver operating characteristics analysis to compare the performances of DL-CAD using f- DWI and z-DWI. The risk factors affecting the DL-CAD were analyzed using logistic regression analyses. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

DL-CAD with z-DWI had a significantly better overall accuracy than that with f-DWI both on patient level and lesion level (AUCpatient: 0.89 vs. 0.86; AUClesion: 0.86 vs. 0.76; P < .001). The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of lesions in DWI was an independent risk factor of false positives (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12; P < .001). Rectal susceptibility artifacts, lesion diameter, and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were independent risk factors of both false positives (ORrectal susceptibility artifact = 5.46; ORdiameter, = 1.12; ORADC = 0.998; all P < .001) and false negatives (ORrectal susceptibility artifact = 3.31; ORdiameter = 0.82; ORADC = 1.007; all P ≤ .03) of DL-CAD.

Z-DWI has potential to improve the detection performance of a prostate MRI based DL-CAD.

ChiCTR, NO. ChiCTR2100041834 . Registered 7 January 2021.

Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society. 2023 Jan 17*** epublish ***

Lei Hu, Caixia Fu, Xinyang Song, Robert Grimm, Heinrich von Busch, Thomas Benkert, Ali Kamen, Bin Lou, Henkjan Huisman, Angela Tong, Tobias Penzkofer, Moon Hyung Choi, Ivan Shabunin, David Winkel, Pengyi Xing, Dieter Szolar, Fergus Coakley, Steven Shea, Edyta Szurowska, Jing-Yi Guo, Liang Li, Yue-Hua Li, Jun-Gong Zhao

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600, Yi Shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China., MR Application Development, Siemens Shenzhen magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, China., Department of Radiology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China., MR Application Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany., Innovation Owner Artificial Intelligence for Oncology, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany., Digital Technology and Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ, USA., Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands., New York University, New York City, NY, USA., Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Patero Clinic, Moscow, Russia., Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China., Diagnostikum Graz Süd-West, Graz, Austria., Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA., Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA., Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland., Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China., Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China., Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600, Yi Shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. .