Immunotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: The Next Frontier?

Cancer vaccines, cytokines, and checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapeutic agents that act within the cancer immunity cycle. Prostate cancer has provided unique opportunities for, and challenges to, immunotherapy drug development, including low tumor mutational burdens, limited expression of PD-L1, and minimal T-cell intratumoral infiltrates. Nevertheless, efforts are ongoing to help prime prostate tumors by turning a "cold" prostate cancer "hot" and thus rendering them more susceptible to immunotherapy. Combination treatments, use of molecular biomarkers, and use of new immunotherapeutic agents provide opportunities to enhance the immune response to prostate tumors.

The Urologic clinics of North America. 2020 Sep 09 [Epub]

Devin Patel, Rana McKay, J Kellogg Parsons

Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, 9400 Campus Point Drive, MC7987, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA., Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA., Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, 9400 Campus Point Drive, MC7987, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: .