Western Dietary Pattern, But not Mediterranean Dietary Pattern, Increases the Risk of Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men. Several studies have investigated the effects of dietary patterns on prostate cancer risk, but this topic is still a matter of debate. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk.

In a case-control study, 60 newly diagnosed prostate cancer cases and 60 hospital-based controls were selected from two main hospitals of Shiraz, Iran. Data on dietary intakes, anthropometric features, and demographic characteristics were collected. To determine the dietary patterns factor analysis, and to estimate the odds ratios (ORs), multivariable logistic regression was performed.

Two major dietary patterns were identified: Western dietary (WD) pattern and Mediterranean dietary (MD) pattern. After adjusting for potential confounders, men who had higher scores for WD pattern (above the median) were more likely to have prostate cancer (OR = 5.15; 95% CI (1.44-18.47); P = 0.01) compared with men who had lower scores. A nonsignificant inverse association was found for MD pattern (OR = 0.62; 95% CI (0.22-1.77); P = 0.37).

Our findings suggest that WD pattern may increase the risk of prostate cancer and the beneficial effects of MD pattern on prostate cancer risk need further research.

Nutrition and cancer. 2018 Sep 20 [Epub ahead of print]

Yahya Jalilpiran, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Shahryar Zeighami, Salmeh Bahmanpour, Reza Ghiasvand, Seyed Amir Reza Mohajeri, Shiva Faghih

a Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran., b Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research , Shahroud University of Medical Sciences , Shahroud , Iran., c Department of Urology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran., d Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran., e Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway., f Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran., g Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.