As of 2012, bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer afflicting men and ninth most common cancer in women.
Nearly 80% of all bladder cancer diagnoses are non-muscle invasive at presentation, most of whom will develop recurrent disease within 5 years of initial diagnosis. Urinary tumor markers provide a noninvasive method for both screening and surveillance of bladder cancer. This article reviews the current Food and Drug Administration-approved urinary biomarkers for detection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Written by:
Tomasini JM, Konety BR. Are you the author?
Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, MMC 394, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Reference: Urol Clin North Am. 2013 May;40(2):165-73.
doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2013.01.015
PubMed Abstract
PMID: 23540775
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