Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road Room S-153, Washington, DC, 20007, United States.
We investigated associations between tobacco exposure, history of schistosomiasis, and bladder cancer risk in Egypt.
We analyzed data from a multi-center case-control study (1,886 newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed cases and 2,716 age-, gender-, and residence-matched, population-based controls). Using unconditional logistic regression we estimated the covariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the associations.
Among men, cigarette smoking was associated with increased risk of urothelial carcinoma (UC) (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4, 2.2), but not squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); and smoking both waterpipes and cigarettes was associated with an even greater risk for the former UC (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 2.1, 3.9) and a statistically significant risk for the latter (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2, 2.6). Among non-smoking men and women, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was associated with an increased risk of UC. History of schistosomiasis was associated with increased risk of both UC (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2, 2.9) and SCC (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.0) in women and to a lesser extent (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2, 1.7 and OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.7, for UC and SCC respectively) in men.
This large study provides new evidence for an association between schistosomiasis and risk of not only SCC but also UC, and suggests that smoking both cigarettes and waterpipes is a significant risk factor for either type of bladder malignancy in Egyptian men.
Written by:
Zheng YL, Amr S, Saleh D, Dash C, Ezzat S, Mikhail NN, Gouda I, Loay I, Hifnawy T, Abdel-Hamid M, Khaled H, Wolpert BJ, Abdel-Aziz MA, Loffredo C. Are you the author?
Reference: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011 Dec 6. Epub ahead of print.
doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0589
PubMed Abstract
PMID: 22147365
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