Role of Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitors in Salvage Therapy for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Due to significant risks of cancer recurrence and progression, and limited options after intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) therapy, there is a critical unmet need to identify novel treatments for those patients with BCG-unresponsive bladder cancer. There is active investigation of immunotherapies which provide both biologic and clinical rationales for indoleamine-2,3- dioxygenase inhibitors in salvage therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

The Urologic clinics of North America. 2020 Feb [Epub]

Carissa E Chu, Sima P Porten, Gary D Grossfeld, Maxwell V Meng

Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 6th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA., Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3401 Princeton Pike, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, USA., Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 6th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: .