Despite the conflicting evidence about postvoid residual (PVR) and its variation in time and corresponding voided volume (VV), studies with urinary diaries and systematic measurements of PVR after each void have never been conducted in nursing home (NH) residents.
To describe the circadian rhythm of PVR and residual fraction (RF, the net quantity of PVR) and to identify the time window with the highest PVR and RF.
A multicentre prospective study conducted between 2014 and 2015 in 5 Belgian NHs. A convenience sample of cognitively intact residents completed a 24-hour frequency volume chart with PVR.
Participants (n = 73) had a median age of 84 years (interquartile range 82-89) and moderate impairment of activities of daily living; 69% were women. In residents with nocturia, mean PVR was higher during the night [45 mL (26-80)] than during the day [36 mL (18-61)]. In residents without nocturia no difference was detected. In spite of the variation between diurnal and nocturnal VV and PVR in residents with nocturia, all residents emptied their bladder as effectively during daytime as during nighttime [mean RF = 20% (12-32)]. Maximum PVR and RF in residents with nocturia (n = 57) showed a circadian variation. The highest PVR and RF were found during the day. The PVR and RF of the first morning void were an indicator of the maximum nocturnal PVR and RF.
PVR and VV should be measured in NH residents during the waking hours (first morning void excepted) to detect the clinically relevant maximum PVR and RF.
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2017 Jan 17 [Epub ahead of print]
Veerle Decalf, Anja Huion, Marie-Astrid Denys, Candy Kumps, Mirko Petrovic, Karel Everaert
Department of Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: ., Department of Education, Health and Social work, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium., Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium., Department of Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.