Female Urethral Reconstruction: Urethral Diverticulectomy, Urethral Strictures, Vesicovaginal Fistula.

Urethral reconstruction in women encompasses a variety of different entities including female urethral stricture, female urethral diverticulum, and vesicovaginal fistula. Although very different in their causes, they all have in common a vague and nonspecific onset of symptoms and, usually, a delayed diagnosis. Once identified and evaluated, urologists must review the management options with the patient, which range from minimally invasive procedures to complex reconstructive surgeries. In complicated cases, we recommend referral to an experienced specialized center for definitive management.

The Urologic clinics of North America. 2022 Jun 27 [Epub]

Ignacio Alvarez de Toledo, Jessica DeLong

Department of Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Urology of Virginia, 225 Clearfield Avenue, Virginia Beach, VA 2346, USA., Department of Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Urology of Virginia, 225 Clearfield Avenue, Virginia Beach, VA 2346, USA. Electronic address: .