The treatment of gender dysphoria related to genitourinary anatomy can be effectively treated with phalloplasty. A phalloplasty may include some or all of the following: penile shaft, glans, shaft urethra, perineal urethra, scrotoplasty, vaginectomy, testicular implants, and erectile devices. The literature does not currently support a gold standard for how best to stage these procedures. This article reviews current techniques for phalloplasty staging and proposes that a staged urethral reconstruction is a reliable technique that allows for potential complications to be managed individually, while minimizing the severity of complications and their impact on the outcome of the final reconstruction.
The Urologic clinics of North America. 2019 Nov [Epub]
Sara Danker, Nick Esmonde, Jens Urs Berli
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code L352A. 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA., Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code L352A. 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: .