OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) co-infection on sperm concentration, motility and morphology, in a large cohort of young heterosexual male patients with chronic prostatitis-related symptoms.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with chronic prostatitis-related symptoms, attending the same centre for sexually transmitted diseases from January 2005 and December 2010, were consecutively enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All patients underwent clinical and instrumental examination, microbiological cultures for common bacteria, DNA extraction, mucosal and serum antibodies evaluation for Ct, specific tests for HPV and semen analysis. The semen variables analysed were: volume; pH; sperm concentration; motility; and morphology. Subjects were subdivided in two groups: group A, patients with Ct infection alone and group B, patients with Ct and HPV co-infection. The main outcome measurement was the effect of Ct and HPV co-infection on the semen variables examined.
RESULTS: Of 3050 screened patients, 1003 were enrolled (32.9%) in the study. A total of 716 (71.3%) patients were allocated to group A, and 287 (28.7%) to group B. Significant differences between the two groups were reported in terms of percentage of motile sperm (degrees of freedom [df] = 1001; t-test = 11.85; P < 0.001) and percentage of normal morphological forms (df = 1001; t-test = 7.18; P < 0.001), while no differences were reported in terms of semen volume or pH. According to World Health Organization thresholds for normal semen, 364 (50.8%) men in group A and 192 (66.8%) men in group B were subfertile (odds ratio = 1.95; 95% confidence interval 1.46-2.60; P < 0.001). No correlation between HPV genotype, mucosal IgA type and semen variables was found.
CONCLUSION: In a population of prostatitis-related symptoms attributable to Ct infection, co-infection with HPV has a significant role in decreasing male fertility, in particular with regard to sperm motility and morphology.
Written by:
Cai T, Wagenlehner FM, Mondaini N, D'Elia C, Meacci F, Migno S, Malossini G, Mazzoli S, Bartoletti R. Are you the author?
Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, Trento, Italy.
Reference: BJU Int. 2013 May 23. Epub ahead of print.
doi: 10.1111/bju.12244
PubMed Abstract
PMID: 23906072
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