• Site of origin
  • Cystitis
    • Refers to the nonspecific clinical syndrome of dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, and suprapubic fullness
  • Pyelonephritis
    • Fever, chills, and flank pain caused by bacterial infection of the renal parenchyma
      • Based on symptoms, it is remarkably difficult to differentiate infection involving the upper tracts from bacteriuria confined to the bladder.
      • Localizing the site of infection in clinically uncomplicated infections is unnecessary.
  
  
• Complexity
  • Uncomplicated: occurring in a normal urinary tract
  • Complicated: structural or anatomic impairments that decrease antibiotic efficacy
  
  
• Stamey Classification
  • First infections: isolated or remotely occurring bacterial cystitis
  • Unresolved bacteriuria occurs when the urine cannot be sterilized despite antibiotic treatment
    • Common causes include preexisting or acquired bacterial resistance, inadequate coverage of a second organism, rapid reinfection with a new organism during therapy, azotemia preventing access of the antibiotic to the urinary tract, and noncompliance with treatment
  • Recurrent infection is an infection diagnosed after successful treatment of an antecedent infection (95% of UTI in women)
  • Bacterial persistence: sterilization of the urine is short-lived, and within weeks, a relapse with the identical organism occurs
    • Indicates a site of persistent infection within the urinary tract that could represent a stone, enterovesical fistula, or infected anatomic anomaly

References

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